try
  {
    var range = Enumerable.Range(1, 3).ToArray();
    var result = range[4];

    return View();
  }
  catch (Exception ex)
  {
    throw new Exception(ex.Message);
  }

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Filters;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ModelBinding;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ViewFeatures;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ExceptionFilter.Filter
{
  public class CustomerExceptionFilter : Attribute, IExceptionFilter
  {
    private readonly IHostingEnvironment _hostingEnvironment;
    private readonly IModelMetadataProvider _modelMetadataProvider;

    public CustomerExceptionFilter(IHostingEnvironment hostingEnvironment,
      IModelMetadataProvider modelMetadataProvider)
    {
      _hostingEnvironment = hostingEnvironment;
      _modelMetadataProvider = modelMetadataProvider;
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 发生异常进入
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="context"></param>
    public async void OnException(ExceptionContext context)
    {
      if (!context.ExceptionHandled)//如果异常没有处理
      {
        if (_hostingEnvironment.IsDevelopment())//如果是开发环境
        {
          var result = new ViewResult { ViewName = "../Handle/Index" };
          result.ViewData = new ViewDataDictionary(_modelMetadataProvider,
                                context.ModelState);
          result.ViewData.Add("Exception", context.Exception);//传递数据
          context.Result = result;
        }
        else
        {
          context.Result = new JsonResult(new
          {
            Result = false,
            Code = 500,
            Message = context.Exception.Message
          });
        }
        context.ExceptionHandled = true;//异常已处理
      }
    }
  }
}

[TypeFilter(typeof(CustomerExceptionFilter))]

<p>Message:@ViewData["Exception"]</p>

services.AddControllersWithViews(option =>
 {
   option.Filters.Add<CustomerExceptionFilter>();
 });
//3.0以下的版本好像应该这样写：services.AddMvc();