这次用Python实现的是一个接球打砖块的小游戏,需要导入pygame模块,有以下两条经验总结:

1.多父类的继承2.碰撞检测的数学模型

知识点稍后再说,我们先看看游戏的效果和实现:

一、游戏效果

Python实现打砖块小游戏代码实例

二、游戏代码

#导入模块
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
import sys,random,time,math

class GameWindow(object):
	'''创建游戏窗口类'''
	def __init__(self,*args,**kw):		
		self.window_length = 600
		self.window_wide = 500
		#绘制游戏窗口,设置窗口尺寸
		self.game_window = pygame.display.set_mode((self.window_length,self.window_wide))
		#设置游戏窗口标题
		pygame.display.set_caption("CatchBallGame")
		#定义游戏窗口背景颜色参数
		self.window_color = (135,206,250)

	def backgroud(self):
		#绘制游戏窗口背景颜色
		self.game_window.fill(self.window_color)

class Ball(object):
	'''创建球类'''
	def __init__(self,*args,**kw):
		#设置球的半径、颜色、移动速度参数
		self.ball_color = (255,215,0)		
		self.move_x = 1
		self.move_y = 1
		self.radius = 10

	def ballready(self):
		#设置球的初始位置、
		self.ball_x = self.mouse_x
		self.ball_y = self.window_wide-self.rect_wide-self.radius
		#绘制球,设置反弹触发条件			
		pygame.draw.circle(self.game_window,self.ball_color,(self.ball_x,self.ball_y),self.radius)

	def ballmove(self):
		#绘制球,设置反弹触发条件			
		pygame.draw.circle(self.game_window,self.ball_color,(self.ball_x,self.ball_y),self.radius)		
		self.ball_x += self.move_x
		self.ball_y -= self.move_y
		#调用碰撞检测函数
		self.ball_window()
		self.ball_rect()
		#每接5次球球速增加一倍
		if self.distance < self.radius:
			self.frequency += 1
			if self.frequency == 5:
				self.frequency = 0
				self.move_x += self.move_x
				self.move_y += self.move_y
				self.point += self.point
		#设置游戏失败条件
		if self.ball_y > 520:
			self.gameover = self.over_font.render("Game Over",False,(0,0,0))
			self.game_window.blit(self.gameover,(100,130))
			self.over_sign = 1

class Rect(object):
	'''创建球拍类'''
	def __init__(self,*args,**kw):
		#设置球拍颜色参数
		self.rect_color = (255,0,0)
		self.rect_length = 100
		self.rect_wide = 10

	def rectmove(self):
		#获取鼠标位置参数
		self.mouse_x,self.mouse_y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
		#绘制球拍,限定横向边界					
		if self.mouse_x >= self.window_length-self.rect_length//2:
			self.mouse_x = self.window_length-self.rect_length//2
		if self.mouse_x <= self.rect_length//2:
			self.mouse_x = self.rect_length//2
		pygame.draw.rect(self.game_window,self.rect_color,((self.mouse_x-self.rect_length//2),(self.window_wide-self.rect_wide),self.rect_length,self.rect_wide))

class Brick(object):
	def __init__(self,*args,**kw):
		#设置砖块颜色参数
		self.brick_color = (139,126,102)
		self.brick_list = [[1,1,1,1,1,1],[1,1,1,1,1,1],[1,1,1,1,1,1],[1,1,1,1,1,1],[1,1,1,1,1,1]]
		self.brick_length = 80
		self.brick_wide = 20

	def brickarrange(self):		
		for i in range(5):
			for j in range(6):
				self.brick_x = j*(self.brick_length+24)
				self.brick_y = i*(self.brick_wide+20)+40
				if self.brick_list[i][j] == 1:
					#绘制砖块
					pygame.draw.rect(self.game_window,self.brick_color,(self.brick_x,self.brick_y,self.brick_length,self.brick_wide))					
					#调用碰撞检测函数
					self.ball_brick()										
					if self.distanceb < self.radius:
						self.brick_list[i][j] = 0
						self.score += self.point
		#设置游戏胜利条件
		if self.brick_list == [[0,0,0,0,0,0],[0,0,0,0,0,0],[0,0,0,0,0,0],[0,0,0,0,0,0],[0,0,0,0,0,0]]:
			self.win = self.win_font.render("You Win",False,(0,0,0))
			self.game_window.blit(self.win,(100,130))
			self.win_sign = 1

class Score(object):
	'''创建分数类'''
	def __init__(self,*args,**kw):		
		#设置初始分数
		self.score = 0
		#设置分数字体
		self.score_font = pygame.font.SysFont('arial',20)
		#设置初始加分点数
		self.point = 1
		#设置初始接球次数
		self.frequency = 0

	def countscore(self):
		#绘制玩家分数			
		my_score = self.score_font.render(str(self.score),False,(255,255,255))
		self.game_window.blit(my_score,(555,15))

class GameOver(object):
	'''创建游戏结束类'''
	def __init__(self,*args,**kw):
		#设置Game Over字体
		self.over_font = pygame.font.SysFont('arial',80)
		#定义GameOver标识
		self.over_sign = 0

class Win(object):
	'''创建游戏胜利类'''
	def __init__(self,*args,**kw):
		#设置You Win字体
		self.win_font = pygame.font.SysFont('arial',80)
		#定义Win标识
		self.win_sign = 0

class Collision(object):
	'''碰撞检测类'''
	#球与窗口边框的碰撞检测
	def ball_window(self):
		if self.ball_x <= self.radius or self.ball_x >= (self.window_length-self.radius):
			self.move_x = -self.move_x
		if self.ball_y <= self.radius:
			self.move_y = -self.move_y

	#球与球拍的碰撞检测
	def ball_rect(self):
		#定义碰撞标识
		self.collision_sign_x = 0
		self.collision_sign_y = 0

		if self.ball_x < (self.mouse_x-self.rect_length//2):
			self.closestpoint_x = self.mouse_x-self.rect_length//2
			self.collision_sign_x = 1
		elif self.ball_x > (self.mouse_x+self.rect_length//2):
			self.closestpoint_x = self.mouse_x+self.rect_length//2
			self.collision_sign_x = 2
		else:
			self.closestpoint_x = self.ball_x
			self.collision_sign_x = 3

		if self.ball_y < (self.window_wide-self.rect_wide):
			self.closestpoint_y = (self.window_wide-self.rect_wide)
			self.collision_sign_y = 1
		elif self.ball_y > self.window_wide:
			self.closestpoint_y = self.window_wide
			self.collision_sign_y = 2
		else:
			self.closestpoint_y = self.ball_y
			self.collision_sign_y = 3
		#定义球拍到圆心最近点与圆心的距离
		self.distance = math.sqrt(math.pow(self.closestpoint_x-self.ball_x,2)+math.pow(self.closestpoint_y-self.ball_y,2))
		#球在球拍上左、上中、上右3种情况的碰撞检测
		if self.distance < self.radius and self.collision_sign_y == 1 and (self.collision_sign_x == 1 or self.collision_sign_x == 2):
			if self.collision_sign_x == 1 and self.move_x > 0:
				self.move_x = - self.move_x
				self.move_y = - self.move_y
			if self.collision_sign_x == 1 and self.move_x < 0:
				self.move_y = - self.move_y
			if self.collision_sign_x == 2 and self.move_x < 0:
				self.move_x = - self.move_x
				self.move_y = - self.move_y
			if self.collision_sign_x == 2 and self.move_x > 0:
				self.move_y = - self.move_y
		if self.distance < self.radius and self.collision_sign_y == 1 and self.collision_sign_x == 3:
			self.move_y = - self.move_y
		#球在球拍左、右两侧中间的碰撞检测
		if self.distance < self.radius and self.collision_sign_y == 3:
			self.move_x = - self.move_x

	#球与砖块的碰撞检测
	def ball_brick(self):
		#定义碰撞标识
		self.collision_sign_bx = 0
		self.collision_sign_by = 0

		if self.ball_x < self.brick_x:
			self.closestpoint_bx = self.brick_x
			self.collision_sign_bx = 1
		elif self.ball_x > self.brick_x+self.brick_length:
			self.closestpoint_bx = self.brick_x+self.brick_length
			self.collision_sign_bx = 2
		else:
			self.closestpoint_bx = self.ball_x
			self.collision_sign_bx = 3

		if self.ball_y < self.brick_y:
			self.closestpoint_by = self.brick_y
			self.collision_sign_by = 1
		elif self.ball_y > self.brick_y+self.brick_wide:
			self.closestpoint_by = self.brick_y+self.brick_wide
			self.collision_sign_by = 2
		else:
			self.closestpoint_by = self.ball_y
			self.collision_sign_by = 3
		#定义砖块到圆心最近点与圆心的距离
		self.distanceb = math.sqrt(math.pow(self.closestpoint_bx-self.ball_x,2)+math.pow(self.closestpoint_by-self.ball_y,2))
		#球在砖块上左、上中、上右3种情况的碰撞检测
		if self.distanceb < self.radius and self.collision_sign_by == 1 and (self.collision_sign_bx == 1 or self.collision_sign_bx == 2):
			if self.collision_sign_bx == 1 and self.move_x > 0:
				self.move_x = - self.move_x
				self.move_y = - self.move_y
			if self.collision_sign_bx == 1 and self.move_x < 0:
				self.move_y = - self.move_y
			if self.collision_sign_bx == 2 and self.move_x < 0:
				self.move_x = - self.move_x
				self.move_y = - self.move_y
			if self.collision_sign_bx == 2 and self.move_x > 0:
				self.move_y = - self.move_y
		if self.distanceb < self.radius and self.collision_sign_by == 1 and self.collision_sign_bx == 3:
			self.move_y = - self.move_y
		#球在砖块下左、下中、下右3种情况的碰撞检测
		if self.distanceb < self.radius and self.collision_sign_by == 2 and (self.collision_sign_bx == 1 or self.collision_sign_bx == 2):
			if self.collision_sign_bx == 1 and self.move_x > 0:
				self.move_x = - self.move_x
				self.move_y = - self.move_y
			if self.collision_sign_bx == 1 and self.move_x < 0:
				self.move_y = - self.move_y
			if self.collision_sign_bx == 2 and self.move_x < 0:
				self.move_x = - self.move_x
				self.move_y = - self.move_y
			if self.collision_sign_bx == 2 and self.move_x > 0:
				self.move_y = - self.move_y
		if self.distanceb < self.radius and self.collision_sign_by == 2 and self.collision_sign_bx == 3:
			self.move_y = - self.move_y
		#球在砖块左、右两侧中间的碰撞检测
		if self.distanceb < self.radius and self.collision_sign_by == 3:
			self.move_x = - self.move_x

class Main(GameWindow,Rect,Ball,Brick,Collision,Score,Win,GameOver):
	'''创建主程序类'''
	def __init__(self,*args,**kw):		
		super(Main,self).__init__(*args,**kw)
		super(GameWindow,self).__init__(*args,**kw)
		super(Rect,self).__init__(*args,**kw)
		super(Ball,self).__init__(*args,**kw)
		super(Brick,self).__init__(*args,**kw)
		super(Collision,self).__init__(*args,**kw)		
		super(Score,self).__init__(*args,**kw)
		super(Win,self).__init__(*args,**kw)
		#定义游戏开始标识
		start_sign = 0

		while True:			
			self.backgroud()
			self.rectmove()
			self.countscore()			
			
			if self.over_sign == 1 or self.win_sign == 1:
				break
			#获取游戏窗口状态
			for event in pygame.event.get():
				if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
					sys.exit()
				if event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
					pressed_array = pygame.mouse.get_pressed()
					if pressed_array[0]:
						start_sign = 1
			if start_sign == 0:
				self.ballready()
			else:
				self.ballmove()

			self.brickarrange()

			#更新游戏窗口
			pygame.display.update()
			#控制游戏窗口刷新频率
			time.sleep(0.010)

if __name__ == '__main__':
	pygame.init()
	pygame.font.init()
	catchball = Main()

三、知识点1.多父类的继承

Python的继承方式分为深度优先和广度优先,Python2分经典类的深度优先搜索继承方式(class A:)、 新式类的广度优先搜索继承方式(class A(object):)2种,Python3经典类与新式类的继承方式与python2的新式类继承方式一致,都为广度优先的继承方式。

经典类的深度优先搜索继承方式:

Python实现打砖块小游戏代码实例

如图所示
class B(A)
class C(A)
class D(B,C)

(1)若D类有构造函数,则重写所有父类的继承
(2)若D类没有构造函数,B类有构造函数,则D类会继承B类的构造函数
(3)若D类没有构造函数,B类也没有构造函数,则D类会继承 A类的构造函数,而不是C类的构造函数
(4)若D类没有构造函数,B类也没有构造函数,A类也没有构造函数,则D类才会继承C类的构造函数

新式类的广度优先搜索继承方式:


Python实现打砖块小游戏代码实例

如图所示
class B(A)
class C(A)
class D(B,C)

(1)若D类有构造函数,则重写所有父类的继承
(2)若D类没有构造函数,B类有构造函数,则D类会继承B类的构造函数
(3)若D类没有构造函数,B类也没有构造函数,则D类会继承 C类的构造函数,而不是A类的构造函数
(4)若D类没有构造函数,B类也没有构造函数,C类也没有构造函数,则D类才会继承A类的构造函数

通过上面的分析,大家应该清楚了Python中类的继承顺序,那么问题来了,如果我不想重写父类的构造函数,要子类和父类的构造函数都生效怎么办?解决办法需要用到super关键字,对直接父类对象的引用,可以通过super来访问父类中被子类覆盖的方法或属性。

class A(object):
	def __init__(self,*args,**kw)
class B(A):
	def __init__(self,*args,**kw)
		super(B,self).__init__(*args,**kw)
class C(A):
	def __init__(self,*args,**kw)
		super(C,self).__init__(*args,**kw)
class D(B,C):
	def __init__(self,*args,**kw)
		super(D,self).__init__(*args,**kw)
		super(B,self).__init__(*args,**kw)

2.碰撞检测的数学模型

其实,编程问题到最后就是数学问题,这个游戏涉及到2D圆形与矩形的碰撞检测问题:

碰撞检测原理:通过找出矩形上离圆心最近的点,然后通过判断该点与圆心的距离是否小于圆的半径,若小于则为碰撞。

那如何找出矩形上离圆心最近的点呢?下面我们从 x 轴、y 轴两个方向分别进行寻找。为了方便描述,我们先约定以下变量:

(1)矩形上离圆心最近的点为变量:closestpoint = [x, y]
(2)矩形 rect = [x, y, l, w] 左上角与长宽 length,wide
(3)圆形 circle = [x, y, r] 圆心与半径


Python实现打砖块小游戏代码实例

首先是 x 轴:
如果圆心在矩形的左侧(if circle_x < rect_x),那么 closestpoint_x = rect_x。
如果圆心在矩形的右侧(elif circle_x > rect_x + rect_l),那么 closestpoint_x = rect_x + rect_l。
如果圆心在矩形的正上下方(else),那么 closestpoint_x = circle_x。

同理,对于 y 轴:
如果圆心在矩形的上方(if circle_y < rect_y),那么 closestpoint_y = rect_y。
如果圆心在矩形的下方(elif circle_y > rect_y + rect_w)),那么 closestpoint_y = rect_y + rect_w。
圆形圆心在矩形的正左右两侧(else),那么 closestpoint_y = circle_y。

因此,通过上述方法即可找出矩形上离圆心最近的点了,然后通过“两点之间的距离公式”得出“最近点”与“圆心”的距离,最后将其与圆的半径相比,即可判断是否发生碰撞。
distance=math.sqrt(math.pow(closestpoint_x-circle_x,2)+math.pow(closestpoint_y-circle_y,2))

if distance < circle.r :
return True – 发生碰撞
else :
return False – 未发生碰撞

以上所述是小编给大家介绍的Python打砖块小游戏详解整合,希望对大家有所帮助,如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言,小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对网站的支持!

广告合作:本站广告合作请联系QQ:858582 申请时备注:广告合作(否则不回)
免责声明:本站资源来自互联网收集,仅供用于学习和交流,请遵循相关法律法规,本站一切资源不代表本站立场,如有侵权、后门、不妥请联系本站删除!

稳了!魔兽国服回归的3条重磅消息!官宣时间再确认!

昨天有一位朋友在大神群里分享,自己亚服账号被封号之后居然弹出了国服的封号信息对话框。

这里面让他访问的是一个国服的战网网址,com.cn和后面的zh都非常明白地表明这就是国服战网。

而他在复制这个网址并且进行登录之后,确实是网易的网址,也就是我们熟悉的停服之后国服发布的暴雪游戏产品运营到期开放退款的说明。这是一件比较奇怪的事情,因为以前都没有出现这样的情况,现在突然提示跳转到国服战网的网址,是不是说明了简体中文客户端已经开始进行更新了呢?