A*作为最常用的路径搜索算法,值得我们去深刻的研究。路径规划项目。先看一下维基百科给的算法解释:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A*_search_algorithm
A *是最佳优先搜索它通过在解决方案的所有可能路径(目标)中搜索导致成本最小(行进距离最短,时间最短等)的问题来解决问题。 ),并且在这些路径中,它首先考虑那些似乎最快速地引导到解决方案的路径。它是根据加权图制定的:从图的特定节点开始,它构造从该节点开始的路径树,一次一步地扩展路径,直到其一个路径在预定目标节点处结束。
在其主循环的每次迭代中,A *需要确定将其部分路径中的哪些扩展为一个或多个更长的路径。它是基于成本(总重量)的估计仍然到达目标节点。具体而言,A *选择最小化的路径
F(N)= G(N)+ H(n)
其中n是路径上的最后一个节点,g(n)是从起始节点到n的路径的开销,h(n)是一个启发式,用于估计从n到目标的最便宜路径的开销。启发式是特定于问题的。为了找到实际最短路径的算法,启发函数必须是可接受的,这意味着它永远不会高估实际成本到达最近的目标节点。
维基百科给出的伪代码:
function A*(start, goal) // The set of nodes already evaluated closedSet := {} // The set of currently discovered nodes that are not evaluated yet. // Initially, only the start node is known. openSet := {start} // For each node, which node it can most efficiently be reached from. // If a node can be reached from many nodes, cameFrom will eventually contain the // most efficient previous step. cameFrom := an empty map // For each node, the cost of getting from the start node to that node. gScore := map with default value of Infinity // The cost of going from start to start is zero. gScore[start] := 0 // For each node, the total cost of getting from the start node to the goal // by passing by that node. That value is partly known, partly heuristic. fScore := map with default value of Infinity // For the first node, that value is completely heuristic. fScore[start] := heuristic_cost_estimate(start, goal) while openSet is not empty current := the node in openSet having the lowest fScore[] value if current = goal return reconstruct_path(cameFrom, current) openSet.Remove(current) closedSet.Add(current) for each neighbor of current if neighbor in closedSet continue // Ignore the neighbor which is already evaluated. if neighbor not in openSet // Discover a new node openSet.Add(neighbor) // The distance from start to a neighbor //the "dist_between" function may vary as per the solution requirements. tentative_gScore := gScore[current] + dist_between(current, neighbor) if tentative_gScore >= gScore[neighbor] continue // This is not a better path. // This path is the best until now. Record it! cameFrom[neighbor] := current gScore[neighbor] := tentative_gScore fScore[neighbor] := gScore[neighbor] + heuristic_cost_estimate(neighbor, goal) return failure function reconstruct_path(cameFrom, current) total_path := {current} while current in cameFrom.Keys: current := cameFrom[current] total_path.append(current) return total_path
下面是UDACITY课程中路径规划项目,结合上面的伪代码,用python 实现A*
import math def shortest_path(M,start,goal): sx=M.intersections[start][0] sy=M.intersections[start][1] gx=M.intersections[goal][0] gy=M.intersections[goal][1] h=math.sqrt((sx-gx)*(sx-gx)+(sy-gy)*(sy-gy)) closedSet=set() openSet=set() openSet.add(start) gScore={} gScore[start]=0 fScore={} fScore[start]=h cameFrom={} sumg=0 NEW=0 BOOL=False while len(openSet)!=0: MAX=1000 for new in openSet: print("new",new) if fScore[new]<MAX: MAX=fScore[new] #print("MAX=",MAX) NEW=new current=NEW print("current=",current) if current==goal: return reconstruct_path(cameFrom,current) openSet.remove(current) closedSet.add(current) #dafult=M.roads(current) for neighbor in M.roads[current]: BOOL=False print("key=",neighbor) a={neighbor} if len(a&closedSet)>0: continue print("key is not in closeSet") if len(a&openSet)==0: openSet.add(neighbor) else: BOOL=True x= M.intersections[current][0] y= M.intersections[current][1] x1=M.intersections[neighbor][0] y1=M.intersections[neighbor][1] g=math.sqrt((x-x1)*(x-x1)+(y-y1)*(y-y1)) h=math.sqrt((x1-gx)*(x1-gx)+(y1-gy)*(y1-gy)) new_gScore=gScore[current]+g if BOOL==True: if new_gScore>=gScore[neighbor]: continue print("new_gScore",new_gScore) cameFrom[neighbor]=current gScore[neighbor]=new_gScore fScore[neighbor] = new_gScore+h print("fScore",neighbor,"is",new_gScore+h) print("fScore=",new_gScore+h) print("__________++--------------++_________") def reconstruct_path(cameFrom,current): print("已到达lllll") total_path=[] total_path.append(current) for key,value in cameFrom.items(): print("key",key,":","value",value) while current in cameFrom.keys(): current=cameFrom[current] total_path.append(current) total_path=list(reversed(total_path)) return total_path
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稳了!魔兽国服回归的3条重磅消息!官宣时间再确认!
昨天有一位朋友在大神群里分享,自己亚服账号被封号之后居然弹出了国服的封号信息对话框。
这里面让他访问的是一个国服的战网网址,com.cn和后面的zh都非常明白地表明这就是国服战网。
而他在复制这个网址并且进行登录之后,确实是网易的网址,也就是我们熟悉的停服之后国服发布的暴雪游戏产品运营到期开放退款的说明。这是一件比较奇怪的事情,因为以前都没有出现这样的情况,现在突然提示跳转到国服战网的网址,是不是说明了简体中文客户端已经开始进行更新了呢?
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