浏览器自带的原生下拉框不太美观,而且各个浏览器表现也不一致,UI一般给的下拉框也是和原生的下拉框差别比较大的,这就需要自己写一个基本功能的下拉菜单/下拉选择框了。最近,把项目中用到的下拉框组件重新封装了一下,以构造函数的方式进行封装,主要方法和事件定义在原型上,下面是主要的实现代码并添加了比较详细的注释,分享出来供大家参考。代码用了ES6部分写法如需兼容低版本浏览器请把相关代码转成es5写法,或者直接bable转下。

先放个预览图吧,后面有最终的动态效果图:(样式和交互参考了阿里和Iview UI库)

原生JS实现自定义下拉单选选择框功能

下面是主要的HTML代码(包含部分js调用代码):

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
  <title>Diy Select</title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="index.css" rel="external nofollow" >
</head>
<body>
  <div id="main" class="main"></div>

  <script src="/UploadFiles/2021-04-02/index.js">

页面中定义了id为main的div,即为选择框所要添加到的元素。传入参数即可。

接着就是样式CSS部分了,没啥说的了,手动滑稽:

* {
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

.main {
  padding: 40px;
}

.my-select {
  display: inline-block;
  width: auto;
  min-width: 80px;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  vertical-align: middle;
  color: #515a6e;
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: normal;
  position: relative;
}

.select-selection {
  display: block;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  outline: 0;
  -webkit-user-select: none;
  -moz-user-select: none;
  -ms-user-select: none;
  user-select: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  position: relative;
  background-color: #fff;
  border-radius: 4px;
  border: 1px solid #dcdee2;
  transition: all .2s ease-in-out;
}

.select-selection:hover,
.select-selection.select-focus {
  border-color: #57a3f3;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px rgba(45, 140, 240, .2);
}

.select-selected-value {
  display: block;
  height: 28px;
  line-height: 28px;
  font-size: 12px;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
  white-space: nowrap;
  padding-left: 8px;
  padding-right: 24px;
}

.icon-select-arrow {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  right: 8px;
  line-height: 1;
  margin-top: -7px;
  font-size: 14px;
  color: #808695;
  transition: all .2s ease-in-out;
  display: inline-block;
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 400;
  font-variant: normal;
  text-transform: none;
  text-rendering: auto;
  line-height: 1;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

.icon-select-arrow::before {
  content: "";
  display: block;
  width: 6px;
  height: 6px;
  background-color: transparent;
  border-left: 1.5px solid #808695;
  border-bottom: 1.5px solid #808695;
  transform: rotate(-45deg);
}

.select-dropdown {
  width: auto;
  min-width: 80px;
  max-height: 200px;
  overflow: auto;
  margin: 5px 0;
  padding: 5px 0;
  background-color: #fff;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  border-radius: 4px;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, .2);
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 2;
  transform-origin: center top 0px;
  transition: all 0.3s;
  will-change: top, left;
  top: 30px;
  left: 0;
  transform: scale(1, 0);
  opacity: 0;
}

.select-item {
  line-height: normal;
  padding: 7px 16px;
  clear: both;
  color: #515a6e;
  font-size: 12px !important;
  white-space: nowrap;
  list-style: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: background .2s ease-in-out;
}

.select-item.select-item-selected,
.select-item:hover {
  color: #2d8cf0;
  background-color: #f3f3f3;
}

样式部分就不做什么解释了,下面放入压轴的JS,同样也无需过多解释,注释写的很详细了,上代码:

/* jshint esversion: 6 */
(function (window, document) {
  let Selector = function (option) {
    //执行初始化方法,
    this._init(option);
  };

  Selector.prototype = {
    //初始化传入参数并定义初始化的相关变量
    _init({
      eleSelector = "", //传入的选择器 id,class,tag等,用于将选择框渲染到此选择器所在的元素
      options = [{
        name: "请选择",
        value: "0",
      }], //传入的下拉框对象,name为选择的文字,value为值
      defaultText = "请选择" //提供的默认选择的值
    }) {
      
      //将传入的数据绑定到this上
      this.parentEle = document.querySelector(eleSelector) || document.body; //要邦定的dom 
      this.options = options; //选择值数组对象
      this.defaultText = defaultText; //默认值

      this.dropboxShow = false; //定义存储下拉框的显示隐藏状态
      this.defaultValue = ""; //定义村赤默认选中的值
      this._creatElement(); //初始化后执行创建元素方法
    },

    //创建下拉选择框dom
    _creatElement() {
      //选择框最外层的包裹元素
      let wrapEle = document.createElement("div");
      wrapEle.className = "my-select";

      //根据传入的值获取选择框默认的值和内容
      this.options.forEach(item => {
        if (item.name === "this.defaultText") {
          this.defaultValue = item.value;
        }
      });

      let selectWarpBox = document.createElement("div"); //选择框包裹元素
      selectWarpBox.className = "select-selection";

      let inputHideBox = document.createElement("input"); //隐藏保存选择值得元素
      inputHideBox.type = "hidden";
      inputHideBox.value = this.defaultValue;

      let selectShowBox = document.createElement("div"); //选择框默认展示框
      let selectNameBox = document.createElement("span"); //选择框展现的值ele
      selectNameBox.className = "select-selected-value";
      selectNameBox.id = "select-option";
      selectNameBox.innerText = this.defaultText; //将传入的默认值赋值
      let selectIcon = document.createElement("i"); //图标ele
      selectIcon.className = "arrow-down icon-select-arrow";
      //将span和角标添加到外层div
      selectShowBox.appendChild(selectNameBox);
      selectShowBox.appendChild(selectIcon);

      selectWarpBox.appendChild(inputHideBox);
      selectWarpBox.appendChild(selectShowBox);

      //下拉框
      let dropbox = document.createElement("div"),
        ulbox = document.createElement("ul");

      dropbox.id = "select-drop";
      dropbox.className = "select-dropdown";
      ulbox.className = "select-dropdown-list";
      //遍历传入的选项数组对象,生成下拉菜单的li元素并赋值
      this.options.forEach((item) => {
        let itemLi = document.createElement("li");
        if (this.defaultText === item.name) {
          itemLi.className = "select-item select-item-selected";
        } else {
          itemLi.className = "select-item";
        }

        itemLi.setAttribute("data-value", item.value);
        itemLi.innerText = item.name;
        ulbox.appendChild(itemLi);

      });
      //将下拉框ul推入到包裹元素
      dropbox.appendChild(ulbox);

      wrapEle.appendChild(selectWarpBox);
      wrapEle.appendChild(dropbox);

      this.parentEle.appendChild(wrapEle); //将生成的下拉框添加到所选元素中

      //把需要操作的dom挂载到当前实例
      //this.wrapEle = wrapEle;   //最外层包裹元素
      this.eleSelect = selectWarpBox; //选择框
      this.eleDrop = dropbox; //下拉框
      this.eleSpan = selectNameBox; //显示文字的span节点

      //绑定事件处理函数
      this._bind(this.parentEle);
    },

    //点击下拉框事件处理函数
    _selectHandleClick() {
      if (this.dropboxShow) {
        this._selectDropup();
      } else {
        this._selectDropdown();
      }
    },

    //收起下拉选项
    _selectDropup() {
      this.eleDrop.style.transform = "scale(1,0)";
      this.eleDrop.style.opacity = "0";
      this.eleSelect.className = "select-selection";
      this.dropboxShow = false;
    },

    //展示下拉选项
    _selectDropdown() {
      this.eleDrop.style.transform = "scale(1,1)";
      this.eleDrop.style.opacity = "1";
      this.eleSelect.className = "select-selection select-focus";
      this.dropboxShow = true;
    },

    //点击下拉选项进行赋值
    _dropItemClick(ele) {
      this.defaultValue = ele.getAttribute("data-value");
      //document.querySelector("#select-value").value = ele.getAttribute("data-value");
      this.eleSpan.innerText = ele.innerText;
      ele.className = "select-item select-item-selected";
      //对点击选中的其他所有兄弟元素修改class去除选中样式
      this._siblingsDo(ele, function (ele) {
        if (ele) {
          ele.className = "select-item";
        }
      });
      this._selectDropup();
    },

    //node遍历是否是子元素包裹元素
    _getTargetNode(ele, target) {
      //ele是内部元素,target是你想找到的包裹元素
      if (!ele || ele === document) return false;
      return ele === target "click", function (e) {
        const ele = e.target;
        
        //遍历当前点击的元素,如果是选中框内的元素执行
        if (_this._getTargetNode(ele, _this.eleSelect)) {
          if (_this.dropboxShow) {
            _this._selectDropup();
          } else {
            _this._selectDropdown();
          }
        } else if (ele.className === "select-item") { //如果是点击的下拉框的选项执行
          _this._dropItemClick(ele);
        } else { //点击其他地方隐藏下拉框
          _this._selectDropup();
        }

      });

    }

  };
  //将构造函数挂载到全局window
  window.$Selector = Selector;
})(window, document);

到此,一个自定义下拉菜单就出炉了,下面是动态效果:

原生JS实现自定义下拉单选选择框功能

至此,从css自定义的表单元素到下拉框元素都已经自定义完毕,使用bootstrap的同学把这些加进去就能基本保持各浏览器效果一致性和美观性了,就到这吧先。

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总结

以上所述是小编给大家介绍的原生js实现一个自定义下拉单选选择框功能,希望对大家有所帮助,如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言,小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对网站的支持!

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